Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind (52 page)

A

Abrahamsen, Adele A.

Acheulian handaxe

Action-related utterances Akili

Ali

Almost Human
(Yerkes) American Sign Language Andrews, Roy Chapman

Animal intelligence

animal consciousness

common-sense view of

early study of

versus human uniqueness Morgan’s Canon

Animal Model Project Anthropomorphism

Ape-language research action-related utterances American Sign Language cognitive capacity of apes in comprehension by apes

comprehension of spoken English criticism of research

embedded phrases

grammar

keyboard-based projects laissez-faire learning method major goal of

multiword utterances

novel vocalizations

representation in

requests made by chimps shape-based projects

spontaneous-language acquisition syntactical structures and Theory of Mind

Washoe

word-learning

See also
specific chimpanzees by name

Apes, compared to man Argument from Personal Incredulity Artistic creations, and origins of language Audenaerde, Dirk Thys van den
Austin and Animal Model Project and contextual information in language comprehension games of pretend by

self-recognition on television by and veridicality maintenance in word acquisition
See also
Animal Model Project
;
Sherman

Australia

Australian aborigines
Australopithecus afarensis

B

Bakeman, Roger

Bates, Elizabeth

Bev

Bever, Tom

Bipedalism

and vocal tract

Blume, Harvey

Boesch, Christophe

Bonobo Protection and Conservation Fund
Bonobos characteristics of

compared to humans

language learning compared to chimpanzees near extinction of

as prehominid ancestor sexual behavior of

study of social/communicative behavior
See also
Kanzi

Booee

Bosondjo

Boysen, Sarah

Bradford, Phillips Verner Brain

brain size/linguistic capacity damage, and language impairment evolution in humans

increase and evolution Branch dragging

Broca’s area

Bruno

Byrne, Richard

C

Calvin, Bill

Cartmill, Matt

Categorical shift

Cheney, Dorothy

Cheney, Seyfarth

Chimpanzee Intelligence
(Yerkes) Chimpanzees

biting by

infanticide

language learning compared to bonobos mirror-recognition by

in monkey shows

personality differences sexual behavior

sharing by

social life of

teaching by mother

tool use by

use of American Sign Language vocalizations, nature of
See also
Bonobos
;
Kanzi
;
specific chimpanzees by name

Chimp Farm

Chomsky, Noam

Cindy

Clever Hans Conference Clever Hans effect

Cognitive development, and language Comprehension

nature of process

of spoken English

Connie

Consciousness

animal

and humans

Consonants

lack of vocalization by apes relationship to vowels Coolidge, Harold J.

Coula nuts

CRAFT Annual Award

Critical period, in language acquisition Cultural acts, transmission of

D

Darwin, Charles

Descent of Man, The

Expression of Emotions in Animals and Man, The

language comprehension by animals
Origin of Species, The

study of animal emotions tool use by prehistoric humans Davidson, Iain

Dawkins, Richard

Deception, in animal kingdom Descartes

Descent of Man, The
(Darwin) Developmental Learning Center DNA, of apes

Dogs, mirror recognition Drakensberg Mountains

E

Embedded phrases

Emotions and animals, Darwin’s work Empiricists, doctrine of Engagement

Epstein, Robert

Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature
(Huxley)
Expression of Emotions in Animals and Man, The
(Darwin)

F

Facial expression, interpretation by bonobos Fading

Figan

Food manipulation

Fossey, Diane

Fouts, Roger

G

Galdikas, Birute

Gallup, Gordon

Gardener, Beatrice

Gardner, Allen

Georgia Retardation Center GG rubbing

Gibson, Kathleen

Glaserfield, Ernst von Goliath

Gombe Stream reserve

Goodall, Jane

Goodman, Morris

Gorilla Foundation

Graded system, of vocal communication Grammar

Great Chain of Being

Greenfield, Patricia

Griffin, Donald Gua

H

Hard-hammer percussion Hayes, Catherine

Hayes, Keith

Heck, Heinz

Hediger, Heini

Herman, Lou

Homo erectus

Homo habilis

Homo sapiens

archiac

evolution of

rational mind of

Homosexuality

in bonobos

in humans

Homo troglodytes

Hopkins, William

Human evolution

bipedalism

and bonobos

brain size, increase of history of study of

Lucy

and origins of language tool-making, significance of Human-reared apes

Huxley, Julian

Huxley, Thomas Henry

I

Imagination, pretend games and animals Infanticide

Ingmanson, Ellen

Ingold, Tim

Institute for Primate Studies Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) International Primatological Society Isaac, Glynn

J

Jack

Jill

Johanson, Donald

K

Kano, Takayoshi

Kanzi action-related utterances adoptive mother’s relationship with birth of

communication gestures of comprehension of spoken English embedded phrases, understanding of first encounter with researchers formal analysis of language grammar of

language instruction of language-learning method used multiword utterances

novel vocalizations of spontaneous-language acquisition syntactical structures tool-making by

vocalizations of

weaning of

Kellogg, Louise

Kellogg, Winthrop

Keyboard

in ape-language projects in LANA

lexigrams on

Kitui

Koko

Koobi Fora

Koola-kamba

Kuroda, Suehisa

L

Lana

LANA (LANguage Analogue) Project Language

acquisition stages

Chomsky’s view

and cognitive development components of

criteria for establishment of grammar critical period in learning of innate language capacity interaction and language acquisition and origins of

symbolic communication
“Language” and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes: Comparative Developmental Prespectives

Language-impaired humans augmentative language systems of and brain damage

developmental approach to language teaching effectiveness of language program Kanzi approach used with LANA system for

learning of lexigrams

remedial approach to language teaching social behavior and language acquisition spontaneous communications of Language learning and apes.
See
Ape-language research

Language Perspectives

Language Research Center (LRC) Lanza, Robert

Laura

Leakey, Louis

Lemmon, Bill

Lieberman, Philip

Linda

Linguistic representation, components of Linguistic Society of Paris Linneaus, Carolus

Little One

Lokelema

Lorel

Lucy

Lucy (
Australopithecus afarensis)

M

McDonald, Kelly

McGrew, Bill

McHenry, Henry

Man the Tool-Maker
(Oakley) Matata

sexual activity

as Kanzi’s adoptive mother Maternal behavior studies Maternal deprivation

Max

Mel

Mentally-retarded language learning projects
See also
Language-impaired humans

Menzel, Emil

Midgely, Mary

Miles, Lynn

Mirror-recognition

chimpanzees

dogs

retarded children

Monkeys, compared to apes Morgan’s Canon

Mulika

Multiword utterances

Murphy, Alia

Murphy, Jeannine

N

Nagel, Thomas

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Natural selection

Neema

Neo-Darwinian Synthesis New Guinea

Nim

Nina

Noble, William

Nut cracking

O

Oakley, Kenneth P.

Object offering

Oklahoma Primate Institute Oldowan assemblages

Orangutan

tool-making by

Origins of the Species
(Darwin)

P

Panbanisha

Pancho

Panda nuts

Panzee

Pate, James

Patterson, Francine

Patterson, Penny

Paul

Pepperberg, Irene

Pepys, Samuel

Petito, Laura

Phineas

Pisani, Pier

Plooij, Frans

Potato washing

Predation, animal defenses Premack, David

Pretend games

Primate Research Center Primates, throwing by Prince Chim

Project FACTT (Facilitating Augmentative Communication Through Technology) Pygmies

Pygmy chimpanzee

See also
Bonobos

R

Recreational activities, of bonobos Representation, in language acquisition Ricci

Ristau, Carolyn

Robbins, Donald

Romanes, George

Romski, Mary Ann

Rubert, Elizabeth

Rumbaugh, Duane

LANA Project

work with mentally retarded children Ruth

S

St. Louis World’s Fair Salome

Sambia stone-age people Sarah

Satre

Saunders, Richard

Scala Natura

Schick, Kathy

Schouteden, Henri

Schusterman, Ron

Schwarz, Ernst

Sebeok, Thomas

Self-concept, mirror-recognition studies Self-defense, and throwing Sevcik, Rose

Sexual behavior

of bonobos

of chimpanzees

communication activities during sex homosexual

Seyfarth, Robert

Sharing by chimpanzees
Sherman and Animal Model Project and contextual information in language comprehension games of pretend by

self-recognition on television by and veridicality maintenance in word acquisition
See also
Animal Model Project
;
Austin

Silverman, Sydel

Skinner, B.F.

Social behavior, and language Speech sounds

categorical shift

graded system

humans

vocalizations of chimpanzees Speech synthesizer

Stone knapping

Stone tools

SuperWolf

Susman, Randall

Swenson, Dr. Brent

Symbolic communication Syntax

System for Acquiring Language(SAL)
Systema Naturae
(Linnaeus)

T

Taï National Park

Tamuli

Tasmanians

Teaching, by primates Terrace, Herbert

Tervuren Museum

Thelma

Theory of Mind

Thompson-Handler, Nancy Thorndike, Edward

Throwing

by apes

by humans

as self-defense

Toilet training

Tool-making

Acheulian handaxe

artistic expression in by chimpanzees

and cognitive ability

by contemporary stone tool-makers criteria for assessment of tools by early humans, significance of hard hammer percussion by Kanzi

and linguistic ability lives of early tool-makers Oldowan assemblages

by orangutan

spatial aspects of

Tools, stone tools

Tool use animals

chimpanzees

tool kit of chimpanzees Toth, Nick

Tratz, Edward

Turin, Carolyn

U

Umiker-Seboek, Jean

Upper Paleolithic period Upright position

and human vocal tract

V

Vervet monkeys

Vickie

Viki

Vocal tracts

apes

of early hominids

human

Von Osten, Wilhelm

Votrax voice synthesizer Vowels

relationship to consonants vocalization of

W

Wallace, Alfred Russel Warner, Harold

Washoe

Wenner-Gren conference Wenner-Gren Foundation White, Charles

White, Leslie

Whiten, Andrew

Wilkerson, Beverly

Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Women, elimination from evolutionary theory Word learning

Words' Personal Voice II System Wright, Richard

Wynn, Tom

Y

Yerkes, Ada

Yerkes Great Ape Committee Yerkes Primate Center Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Yerkes, Robert

Yerkish language

Z

Zihlman, Adrienne