July 1914: Countdown to War (68 page)

The Times
(newspaper),
68
,
69
,
250
,
357

Tirpitz, Alfred von,
80
,
222
,
223

     
on Bethmann,
378

     
British offer of neutrality and,
343

     
on declaration of war on France,
351–352

     
German navy’s readiness for war and,
84

     
on likely positions of Italy and Romania,
340

     
Potsdam meeting and,
274
,
275

     
understanding that mobilization meant war,
311

Tisza, Stefan

     
Berchtold’s attempts to break resistance to war,
115–116

     
diplomatic notes to Berlin and,
97

     
dispelling suspicion about Austrian intentions,
126

     
Franz Ferdinand and,
386

     
maintenance of control over Hungary’s nationalities,
45–46

     
memorandum on expanding Triple Alliance,
41–42

     
mobilization and,
325

     
news of Serbian rejection of ultimatum and,
202

     
opposition to war with Serbia,
32
,
34–35
,
105
,
107
,
108–111
,
112–113
,
116

     
peace plan,
95

     
response to assassination,
28
,
31–32
,
34–35

     
responsibility for First World War,
392

     
Second Balkan War and,
85

     
support for war with Serbia,
122–123

     
war councils and,
108–113
,
137
,
138–141

     
Wilhelm II and,
79

Tolstoy, Ivan, Mayor of St. Petersburg,
153

Transylvania,
138–139

Treaty of Berlin of 1878,
187

Treaty of London of 1867,
357

Trevelyan, G. M.,
365
,
369

Triple Alliance,
40–41
,
328

Tschirschky, Heinrich von,
30

     
on Austrian plan to declare war,
230

     
Bethmann and four-country mediation,
235–236

     
blame for war and,
347

     
Franz Josef and,
37

     
“halt in Belgrade” proposal and,
253
,
254

     
instructed to ask Austria to resume talks with Russia,
281–282

     
as liaison between Germany and Austria on action against Serbia,
114
,
115–116
,
117
,
120–121
,
123

     
Ministerial Council and,
108

     
relaying news of German support for action against Serbia,
94

     
response to assassination,
85–86

     
support of war against Serbia,
218
,
219

     
ultimatum and,
142–143

Tuchman, Barbara,
43
,
398

Turkey,
59–61

     
alliance with Germany,
353–354

     
recruitment of as ally,
383

     
relations with Russia,
59–61
,
388–389

     
Triple Alliance and,
41

     
Wilhelm II and,
83–84

     
See also
Ottoman Straits

Tyrrell, William,
329
,
330–331
,
345

Ujedinjenje ili Smrt.
See
Black Hand

United States

     
Afghanistan War and,
391–392

     
entry into war,
384

Vareshanin (General),
17

Villain, Raoul,
322

Viviani, René,
228

     
anti-ultimatum ultimatum,
169

     
attempt to influence Russia,
240

     
briefing on European events upon return from summit,
262–263
,
264–266

     
Carnet B and,
323

     
claim of German invasion of France,
328–329

     
debate over war and,
375–376

     
Franco-Russian summit and,
145–146
,
151
,
153
,
154
,
160–161
,
164
,
166

     
German declaration of war and,
370

     
meeting with Schoen on Russian and German mobilization,
320–321

     
on neutrality of Belgium,
324

     
notice of and response to Russian mobilization,
294–296

     
notice to Britain of mobilization by Germans,
304–305

     
opinion of Russians,
67–68

     
order for general mobilization and,
334–335

     
response to German request for French neutrality,
333–334

     
return to France after Franco-Russian summit,
260–261

     
Russian mobilization and,
399

     
at sea returning from summit,
195
,
196
,
197

     
second thoughts on mobilization,
336–337

     
Three-Year Service Law and,
64–65

Wangenheim, Hans von,
353
,
380

War credits, German,
376

Waugh, Evelyn,
364
n

Wiesner, Friedrich,
120

Wilhelm II,
37

     
alliance talks with Ottoman Turkey,
353

     
Franz Ferdinand’s funeral and,
42–43
,
44–45

     
“halt in Belgrade” proposal and,
254
,
256–257

     
lack of information given to,
223
,
224–227
,
240

     
Moltke and,
343
,
344

     
order for general mobilization and,
341

     
order for
Kriegsgefahrzustand
,
309–310

     
Pašić’s reply and,
199

     
personality of,
80–82

     
photograph of,
81

     
pressing for mediation between Austria and Serbia,
242–244

     
rebuke of Bethmann,
251
,
274

     
relation with Britain,
82–83

     
response to assassination,
78–80
,
85–86

     
response to British offer of neutrality,
343–344
,
345

     
response to learning of secret Russian mobilization measures,
285–286
,
288
,
290

     
responsibility for First World War,
393–394

     
return to Berlin on 27 July,
222
,
223

     
Serbian reply to ultimatum and,
241–244

     
statesmanship of,
82–86

     
support for Austrian action against Serbia,
104–105
,
107
,
109

     
Szögyény and response to diplomatic notes,
98–100

     
telegram from George V on misunderstanding of neutrality offer,
347–349

     
telegrams to and from Nicholas II,
147
,
255–256
,
272–273
,
285
,
287
,
311
,
345
,
346

     
understanding of strategic position vis à vis Russia, France and England,
310–311

Wilson, Henry,
71
,
73–74

Witte, Sergei,
54

The World Crisis
(Churchill),
76–77

World War.
See
First World War

Yanushkevitch, Nedjelko.

     
general mobilization and,
271–272
,
273
,
296

     
mobilization and,
178
,
179–180
,
184
,
192
,
207
,
246
,
302
,
303
,
347

     
mobilization orders,
258–259

     
Sazonov and strategy to convince tsar to order general mobilization,
297

     
understanding that mobilization meant war,
396
,
398

Yellow Book
,
303
n

Young Bosnia,
6

Zenker (Captain),
100

Zherajitch, Bogdan,
17

Zimmermann, Arthur,
101–102
,
104
,
107
,
114
,
393

Zuber, Terence,
387

Zweig, Stefan,
23