History of the Jews (119 page)

Dominican order

Donin, Nicholas

Dov Baer

Dreyfus affair

Drumont, Edouard

Dühring, Eugen

Dura Europus

Eban, Abba

Ebionites

Ebla (Tell Mardikh)

Eblon, King

Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Ben Sira)

Eddison, Thomas

Eden, Anthony

Edom

education: in antiquity; in Israel

Edward
I
, King

Egypt (ancient); Exodus from,
see under
Israel; defeated by Babylon

Egypt (in Graeco-Roman period); Alexandria

Egypt (in Middle Ages);
see also
Cairo

Egypt (modern state): relations with Israel; Palestinian Arab immigration to; immigration to Israel from

Ehrenburg, Ilya

Enrich, Paul

Ehud

Eichmann, Adolf

Einhorn, David

Einsatzgruppen

Einstein, Albert

Eisenbeth, Maurice

Eisner, Kurt

Ekron (Philistine city)

Ekron (Zionist colony)

Elam

Elath, Eliahu

Elazar, David

Eliezer ben Yehuda

Eliezer ben Yose

Elijah

Elijah ben Solomon Zalman

Eliot, George

Elisha

Elisha ben Avuyah

Encyclopaedia Britannica

Engels, Friedrich

England,
see
Britain

enlightenment, the

Enoch

Ephraim Solomon ben Aaron

Ephron the Hittite

Erasmus

Esau and Jacob

Esdras

Eshkol, Levi

Essenes

Esther

Estonia

Ethiopia, Jews in

Etting, Solomon

eucharist

Eusebius

excommunication

exilarchs

Exodus (biblical book;
see also
Exodus
under
Israel)

Ezekiel

Ezra

Facchinetti, Giovanni Antonio

Falasha Jews

Falcon, Fernan

Falk, Samuel Jacob Hayyim

Farben (
IG
)

Farissol, Abraham

fasting

Fatah, Al-

Feisal, Emir

Ferdinand
II
, Emperor

Ferdinand
I
, King, of Aragon

Ferdinand
II
, King, of Aragon

Ferrer, Vicente

Feuchtwanger, Leon

film industry, cinema

Final Solution,
see
Holocaust

finance,
see
money

Finland, Jews in

First World War

Fisch, Harold

Flick, Friedrich

Flood, Deluge

Florus, Gessius

Forrestal, James

Fourier, François

Fox, William

France: Jews in, before the Revolution; Revolution, enlightenment, Napoleon; Jews granted equal rights with Christians; Jews in, in late nineteenth century; anti-Semitism and Dreyfus case,
see
Dreyfus; Second World War; immigration to Israel from; Jews in, post-war

Franciscan order

Frank, Jacob

Frankfurt

Frankfurt Institution for Social Research

Frankfurter, Felix

Franzos, Karl Emil

Frederick the Great

Freemasonry

French Revolution

Freud, Sigmund

Fustat (Cairo)

Gallus, Cestius

Gamal

Gamaliel the Elder

Gamaliel
II
, Rabbi

Gans, Eduard

gaons (geonim)

Gath

Gaza; Gaza Strip

Gederah

Geiger, Rabbi Abraham

Genesis

genizah

Genoa

George
III
, King

Georgia, Jews in

Gerald of Wales

Gerizim, Mount

Germany: Jews in, before nineteenth century; Jews in; First World War; in Nazi period,
see
Holocaust, Nazis; immigration to Israel from; Jews in West Germany

Gerónimo de Santa Fé

Gershwin, George

Gezer

ghettos; in Venice; in papal states; folklore of destroyed after French Revolution; in Poland during Second World War

Gibeon

Gide, André

Gideon

Gideon, Samson

Gilgamesh

Glueck, Nelson

gnosticism

Gobineau, Comte Joseph de

God, Jewish; relationship of man to

Goebbels, Josef

Goitein, S. D.

Golan Heights

Goldwyn, Sam

golem

Gordon, Lord George

Göring, Hermann

gospels

Graetz, Heinrich

Granada

Grant, Madison

Grant, General Ulysses S.

Greece (ancient); Alexander’s conquests; Hellenization of western Asia,
see also under
Palestine; relations with Jews

Greece (modern), Jews in

Gregory the Great, Pope

Gregory
IX
, Pope

Grey, Sir Edward

Guardians of the City

Gudemann, Moritz

Guide of the Perplexed, see under
Maimonides

Ha’Am, Ahad,
see
Ahad Ha’Am

Habakkuk

Habiru

Hadera

Hadrian, Emperor

Haganah

Haggai

Hagiogrpha (Ketuvim)

Haifa

Hakamim

halakhah

Halévy, Jacques

Hammerstein, Oscar,
I
and
II

Hammurabi

Hanukkah, Feast of

Harden, Maximilian

Harding, G. L.

Harnack, Adolf von

hasidim
, Hasidism

haskalah, Jewish enlightenment

Hasmonean family (Maccabees)

Hazor

Hebrew (language)

Hebrew Union College

‘Hebrews’

Hebron

Hecataeus of Abdera

Hegel, G. W. F.

He-Halutz bureau

Heine, Heinrich

Hellman, Lillian

Henry, Jacob

Heraclitus

Heraclius, Emperor

heresies, Christian

Herod Agrippa

Herod Antipas

Herod the Great

Herodium

Herschel, Abraham Joshua

Herzl, Theodor

Hess, Moses

heter iskah

Heydrich, Reinhard

Hiddushim

Hijaz

Hilberg, Raul

Hilferding, Rudolf

Hillel the Elder (Hillel the Babylonian)

Hillesum, Ettie

Himmler, Heinrich

Hiram, King, of Tyre

Hirsch, Baron Maurice de

Hirsch, Rabbi Samson Raphael

Hirsch, Rabbi Samuel

Hirschel, Hans

Hisdai ibn Shaprut

Histadrut

Hitler, Adolf; orders destruction of Heine’s grave; Lippmann’s view of; his anti-Semitism
passim
; becomes Chancellor; war a product of his anti-Semitism; and Mussolini;
see also
Holocaust; Nazis

Hittites

Hiya Rabbah, Rabbi

Hobson, J. A.

Hochberg, Karl

Hoddis, Jacob von

Holdheim, Rabbi Samuel

Holocaust, Final Solution; planned by Hitler; German people’s knowledge of, acquiescence in; Jews worked to death; German industrialists and; Jews systematically killed; first gas chamber; mobile killing groups; death camps; Christian churches and; numbers of those killed; Austrians and; Rumanians and; French and; Italian resistance to; unsuccessful in parts of occupied Europe; Allied governments and; lack of resistance from Jews; Jews of all ages and conditions killed; final stage of; anti-Semitic reactions to; punishment and restitution; state of Israel and; Soviet-Arab attitude to

Homberg, Napthali Herz

Hong Kong

Horowitz, Isaiah ben Abraham ha-Levi

Hosea

Höss, Rudolf

Hungary, Jews in; in Budapest; immigration to Israel from

Hurrians (Horites)

Husaini, Haji Amin al- (Grand Mufti of Jerusalem)

Hyrcanus, John

Hyrcanus
II

Ibn Ezra, Abraham

Ibn Shaprut, Hisdai,
see
Hisdai ibn Shaprut

Ibn Verga, Solomon

Ibn Yahya, Rabbi Joseph

Idumaea

imprisonment

India: immigration to Israel from; Jews in

Innocent
III
, Pope

Inquisition, Spanish

Iran/Persia (ancient state),
see
Persia

Iran/Persia (modern state); immigration to Israel from; Jews in

Iraq; immigration to Israel from

Irgun

Isaac (son of Abraham)

Isaac ben Samuel

Isaac the Blind

Isaacs, Sir Rufus

Isabella, Queen, of Castile

Isaiah

Ishmael

Islam, Moslems

Isocrates

Israel, Israelites (ancient people); religion,
see
Judaism; twelve tribes of; not all Israelites went to Egypt; Exodus from Egypt; Mosaic legal material; both spiritually advanced and primitive; new kind of society: theocracy; conquest of Canaan completed; and kingship; two kingdoms, northern and southern; lost tribes of;
see also
Jews

Israel (modern state): creation of (
see also
Zionism); War of Independence; and Arab refugees; frontiers; Jewish immigration to; religious/secular conflict in; origins of; Nasser and Sinai War; Six Day War; Sadat and Yom Kippur War; American support for; political divisions; peace with Egypt; and Hebrew language; education in; marriage in; pursuit of war criminals; population in 1980s; French Jews and; as armed refuge

Israel, Jonathan

Italy: Jews in; Second World War; post-war Jewish population;
see also
Venice

Ivan
IV
, Tsar, ‘the Terrible’

Jabneh (Jamnia)

Jabotinsky, Vladimir

Jacob (patriarch)

Jacob ben Asher

Jael

Jaffa

Jamaica, Jews in

James (brother of Jesus)

James
I
, King, of Aragon

Janua, Peter de

Jason (high-priest)

Jaspers, Karl

Jebusites

Jefferson, Thomas