Brain Buys (42 page)

Galapagos Islands

Galifianakis, Zach

Gall, Franz Joseph

gambler’s fallacy

Gawronski, Bertram

geese, innate fear in

gender stereotypes

genes, storage systems vs. codes in

germ theory

Gigerenzer, Gird

Gilbert, Daniel

Gladwell, Malcolm

Glassner, Barry

glutamate

“God center,”

Goebbels, Joseph

Gore, Al

Gould, Stephen Jay

graceful degradation

granule cells

Greenwald, Anthony

group selection

free riders and

Haddon, Mark

hair cells, cochlear

Hall, Monty

hallucinogenic drugs

Harris, Sam

Hebb, Donald

Hebb’s rule

Hellman, Hal

herpes virus

Hill, George

hippocampus

Hitchens, Christopher

Hitler, Adolf

HIV/AIDS

homeostatic mechanisms

homicide, fear of

hominins

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens,
evolution of

Hood, Bruce

hosts, definitive vs. intermediary

house advantage

humor, associations and

Hunt, Bertha

hunter-gatherers

hypothalamus

imitation

advertising and

behavior modification and

indiscriminate generalization and

looting and

mirror neurons and

in monkeys

in primates

immediate gratification

innate bias toward

implicit associations

culture and

as product of both nature and nurture

tests for

imprinting

Institute for Safe Medication Practice

interest rates

investors, “chasing a loss” behavior of

irrational-rational continuum

Ivins, Bruce

Japanese Americans

World War II internment of

Jaws

jet lag

Jordan, Michael

judicial system, reliance on eyewitness testimony in

Kahneman, Daniel

Klamath

Korean Americans

Koshima

language, context in

Las Vegas, Nev.

lateral prefrontal cortex

Law & Order

Leaning Tower of Pisa

learning:

classical conditioning in,
see
classical conditioning

delay blindness in

neurons and

observational;
see also
imitation

operant conditioning in

plasticity of mechanisms for

LeDoux, Joe

Leibniz, Gottfried

Let’s Make a Deal

libertarian paternalism

life, creation of

limbic system

Linden, David

links

Loewenstein, George

Loftus, Elizabeth

Lømo, Terje

long-term potentiation

looting, imitation and

Lorenz, Konrad

loss aversion

LSD

lung cancer, delay blindness and

McClelland, James

McGurk effect

Machiavelli, Niccolò

mammals, evolution of

Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, The
(Sacks)

marketing,
see
advertising and marketing

marmoset monkeys

mathematical ability,
see
computational ability

Matrix, The

Mauritania

Mbeki, Thabo

Mein Kampf
(Hitler)

memory

amnesia and

associative architecture of

attention in

autobiographical (episodic)

capacity of

consolidation of

context in

declarative (explicit);
see also
memory, semantic

digital

as fluid reconstructions

impaired formation of

loss of, latest-to-earliest sequence in

mechanism vs. codes in

for names

nondeclarative (implicit)

for numbers

phylogenetic (innate)

priming and

purpose of

reconsolidation of

“repressed,”
see
“repressed” memories

selectivity in

semantic

significance in

storage vs. retrieval mechanisms in

synaptic plasticity in

“time stamping” as unreliable in

unreliability of,
see
false memories

updating of

memory markers

Mendel, Gregor

“Men in a War” (Vega)

Merzenich, Michael

mice and rats:

fear conditioning in

imitation in

impairment of memory formation in

reconsolidation of memory in

running wheels and

military spending

Miller, Earl

Mineka, Susan

mirror neurons

mnemonic devices

mnemonics

money:

perceived value of

as recent cultural artifact

monkeys:

fear of snakes in

imitation in

numerical approximation experiments with

somatosensory experiments with

temporal distortion experiments with

temporal lobe experiments with

Monty Hall problem

moral codes, supernatural beliefs and

Morse code

moths

motor control, loss of

movement, reflexive response to

musicians, cortical allocation in

mutations

names:

memory for

as recent cultural artifacts

Nazi Germany

Neanderthals

Nelson, Lord

neocortex

Neptune (planet)

neural operating system:

brain as programmed by

as encoded in DNA

neurons, neural system

action potentials of

in computation of time

as context-dependent

decision making and

evolution of

fallibility of

homeostatic mechanisms of

learning and

mirror

normal loss of

numbers as represented by

presynaptic vs. postsynaptic

protein synthesis and

reallocation of

spirituality and

visual illusions and

see also
synapses

neuroparasitism

neurotransmitters

Newton, Isaac

New York Times

Nieder, Andreas

NMDA receptors

nodes

nucleotides

numbers

approximation of

memory for

neural representation of

priming for

as recent cultural artifact

Number Sense, The
(Dehaene)

N.W. Ayer

observational learning

obstetricians, puerperal fever and

Oklahoma City bombings

Ollson, Andreas

Olympics

On the Origin of Species
(Darwin)

operant conditioning

orbitalfrontal cortex

organ donors

orienting response

outcomes, influence of context on

packaging, and taste of food

paired-pulse depression

parasites, manipulation of phylogenetic fears by

parietal cortex

Pasteur, Louis

pattern recognition

adaptive value of

fallacious

pattern separation

Pavlov, Ivan

Paxil

payday loans

Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on

Pediatrics

peer-pressure,
see
imitation

Penfield, Wilder

Petrified Forest National Park

phantom limb syndrome

pharmaceutical industry, marketing by

pharmaceutical names, confusing

Phelps, Elizabeth

phobias

phrenology

Pinker, Steven

Pirahã

Pitt, Brad

plasticity:

of auditory cortex

of brain,
see
cortical plasticity

of learning mechanisms

of somatosensory cortex

synaptic

Pluto, classification of

police, biases of

policy, government

temporal discounting and

politics:

advertising in

associative architecture exploited by

brain bugs and

fearmongering and demagoguery in

Poole, Bobby

postsynaptic neurons

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

preference transfer

prefetching

prefrontal cortex

lateral

ventromedial

preparedness,
see
fear, innate propensities for

presynaptic neurons

price, quality as associated with

primates:

imitation in

warfare among

priming

of behavior

implicit associations and

memories and

numerical

semantic

probability blindness

product placements

propaganda

anti-Semitic

Propaganda
(Bernays)

protein synthesis

protein synthesis inhibitors

Prozac

PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder)

public opinion:

associative architecture in molding of

fearmongering and

puerperal fever

quality, price as associated with

quantum physics

rabies

Ramón y Cajal, Santiago

rats,
see
mice and rats reason

as overridden by fear

as overridden by supernatural beliefs

-unreason continuum

receptors

NMDA

serotonin

Recife, Brazil, rape case in

reciprocity

reconsolidation, of memories

referees, decision making by

relativity

religion:

agency as co-opted by

altruism and

as evolutionary by-product

folk

group cooperation and

medical neglect and

negative influence of

positive influence of

as result of evolutionary selection

scientific progress as impeded by

statements about, brain-imaging studies of responses to

see also
spirituality; supernatural beliefs

“repressed” memories:

fabrication of

lack of evidence for

retina

rhesus monkeys, imitation in

Ribot’s law

Rizzolatti, Giacomo

RNA

Romo, Ranulfo

Ronaldinho

rooting, in spectator sports

Rutherford, Beth

saccade blindness

Santos, Chester

savant syndrome

Schacter, Daniel

scientific progress:

as based on testable hypotheses

as impeded by religion

initial opposition to

scrub jays

selacophobics

selective association,
see
fear, innate propensities for

self-transcendence

semantic memory networks

semantic priming

Semmelweis, Ignaz

sensory cortex, direct stimulation of

sensory organs, sensory data,
see
somatosensory system

September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks

serotonin

serotonin receptors

sexual abuse:

lasting psychological effects on victims of

by priests

sexual desire

sharks, fear of

single-cell organisms, circadian clocks in

skin conductance

skunks

smoking,
see
cigarettes

snakes, monkeys’ fear of

soccer

offside rule in

social groups, rooting and

social hierarchies

social learning,
see
imitation

socially transmitted food preferences

social networks

social phenomena, universal

somatoparaphrenia

somatosensory cortex

homunculus (map) in

plasticity of

somatosensory system

illusion in

monkey experiments on

peripheral

phantom limb syndrome and

somatoparaphrenia and

temporal distortion and